Epictetus
Biography
Epictetus (c. 50–135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher who was born into slavery in Hierapolis, Phrygia (modern Turkey). After gaining his freedom, he studied under the Stoic teacher Musonius Rufus in Rome before being banished with other philosophers by Emperor Domitian. He established a school in Nicopolis, Greece, where he taught until his death. Epictetus wrote nothing himself; his teachings survive through the notes of his student Arrian, who compiled the Discourses and the Enchiridion (Handbook). His philosophy emphasizes the distinction between what is in our control (our thoughts and attitudes) and what is not (external events), teaching that freedom and happiness come from accepting this distinction.
Common themes in Epictetus's work
Stoic philosophy
A recurring theme throughout Epictetus's writing.
Self-mastery
A recurring theme throughout Epictetus's writing.
Inner freedom
A recurring theme throughout Epictetus's writing.
Ancient philosophy
A recurring theme throughout Epictetus's writing.
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Why Epictetus is still read today
Epictetus’s Stoic philosophy has experienced a major modern revival. His practical teachings on controlling reactions, accepting what cannot be changed, and finding inner freedom directly influence modern cognitive behavioral therapy and the popular Stoicism movement.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Epictetus?
Epictetus (c. 50–135 AD) was a former slave who became one of the most influential Stoic philosophers. His teachings survive through his student Arrian’s notes.
What are his major works?
The Discourses and the Enchiridion (Handbook). The Discourses are available free on TextStack.
What is Stoicism?
A philosophy teaching that happiness comes from controlling our reactions rather than external events, and living according to reason and virtue.
Where can I read Epictetus free?
TextStack offers Epictetus’s works to read free online.
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