Sophocles
Biography
Sophocles (c. 496–406 BCE) was an ancient Greek tragedian, widely considered one of the three great dramatists of classical Athens alongside Aeschylus and Euripides. Born in Colonus near Athens, he wrote over 120 plays, of which only seven survive complete. Sophocles won first prize at the Dionysia festival at least 18 times and never placed lower than second. He introduced the third actor to Greek drama, expanded the chorus, and perfected the art of tragic irony. His Oedipus Rex was considered by Aristotle to be the perfect tragedy. Sophocles served as a general, a priest, and a civic leader in Athenian democracy.
Common themes in Sophocles's work
Greek tragedy
A recurring theme throughout Sophocles's writing.
Fate and free will
A recurring theme throughout Sophocles's writing.
Moral duty
A recurring theme throughout Sophocles's writing.
Hubris
A recurring theme throughout Sophocles's writing.
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Why Sophocles is still read today
Sophocles’ plays remain the foundation of Western drama. Oedipus Rex, Antigone, and Electra are performed worldwide and studied in every literature curriculum. His exploration of fate, duty, and moral courage continues to resonate across cultures.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Sophocles?
Sophocles (c. 496–406 BCE) was an ancient Greek tragedian who wrote Oedipus Rex and Antigone. Read all 7 surviving plays free on TextStack.
What are Sophocles’ surviving plays?
Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Ajax, Electra, Philoctetes, and The Trachiniae (Women of Trachis).
Where can I read Sophocles online?
All 7 surviving plays are available to read free on TextStack.
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